Which entity primarily works through audits, self-reports, and enforcement?

The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) is the entity that primarily works through audits, self-reports, and enforcement in the context of ensuring the reliability and security of the electric grid. NERC is responsible for establishing and enforcing mandatory reliability standards for the bulk power system in North America.

By conducting audits and evaluating compliance through self-reports from registered entities, NERC ensures that utilities adhere to its established standards. This process allows NERC to monitor the performance and reliability of the power grid effectively. Furthermore, NERC has the authority to enforce compliance and impose penalties for non-compliance, which is crucial in maintaining high standards of reliability and security across the industry.

In contrast, while other entities like the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the Department of Energy (DOE), and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) all play significant roles in the energy sector, they each have different functions. FERC primarily focuses on regulating the interstate aspects of electricity and ensuring fair rates, DOE is involved in energy policy and development, and EPRI focuses on research and development in the energy sector rather than compliance enforcement. This clarification underscores why NERC is the most appropriate answer to the question.